• 例1：The city is surrounded on three sides by mountains. （这座城市三⾯环⼭。）（is和过去分词短语构成被动语态）
• 例2：The concert held by the singer was a great success. （那个歌⼿举⾏的⾳乐会⼤为成功。）（过去分词短语作后置定语，被动）（⾮谓语动词）
• 例3：He got his tooth pulled out yesterday. （他昨天把⽛拔了。）（过去分词作宾语补⾜语，被动）（⾮谓语动词）
• 例4：Lost in deep thought, he didn't hear the sound. （因为沉溺于思考之中，所以他没听到那个声⾳。）（过去分词短语作伴随状语，被动）（⾮谓语动词）
• Somehow we’ve come to believe that greatness is a gift, reserved for a chosen few — for prodigies, for superstars — and the rest of us can only stand by watching. （我们渐渐地把伟⼤当成是为少数特定⼈选预留的天赋，⽐如奇才、超级明星，⽽我们其他⼈只能站在⼀旁观望⽽已。）《全⺠英语背诵营·荧屏经典》E01·Find Your Greatness 发现你的伟⼤
• 结论：
• 1. -ing表主动；-ed表被动；
• 2. ⾮谓语动词后期还会专⻔详解。