能够知道SpringMVC的优点
能够编写SpringMVC入门案例
能够使用PostMan发送请求
能够掌握普通类型参数传递
能够掌握POJO类型参数传递
能够掌握json数据参数传递
能够掌握响应json数据
能够掌握rest风格快速开发
能够完成基于restful页面数据交互案例
Rest风格使用了几种请求方式定义访问行为?
REST(Representational State Transfer),表现形式状态转换
优点:
Rest风格如何通过路径传递参数?
做法:在Controller中定义方法时设定"http请求动作(请求方式)"和"设定请求参数(路径变量)"
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public class UserController { //设置当前请求方法为POST,表示REST风格中的添加操作 (value = "/users",method = RequestMethod.POST) public String save(){ System.out.println("user save..."); return "{'module':'user save'}"; } //设置当前请求方法为DELETE,表示REST风格中的删除操作 //@PathVariable注解用于设置路径变量(路径参数),要求路径上设置对应的占位符,并且占位符名称与方法形参名称相同 (value = "/users/{id}",method = RequestMethod.DELETE) public String delete( Integer id){ System.out.println("user delete..." + id); return "{'module':'user delete'}"; } //设置当前请求方法为PUT,表示REST风格中的修改操作 (value = "/users",method = RequestMethod.PUT) public String update( User user){ System.out.println("user update..."+user); return "{'module':'user update'}"; } //设置当前请求方法为GET,表示REST风格中的查询操作 //@PathVariable注解用于设置路径变量(路径参数),要求路径上设置对应的占位符,并且占位符名称与方法形参名称相同 (value = "/users/{id}" ,method = RequestMethod.GET) public String getById( Integer id){ System.out.println("user getById..."+id); return "{'module':'user getById'}"; } //设置当前请求方法为GET,表示REST风格中的查询操作 (value = "/users",method = RequestMethod.GET) public String getAll(){ System.out.println("user getAll..."); return "{'module':'user getAll'}"; }}


以上截图中的代码和我们之前写的UserController中的方法类似,其中图中两个方法都有三处是有问题的,可以进行优化。存在的问题如下:
问题1:每个方法的@RequestMapping注解中都定义了访问路径/books,重复性太高。
问题2:每个方法的@RequestMapping注解中都要使用method属性定义请求方式,重复性太高。
问题3:每个方法响应json都需要加上@ResponseBody注解,重复性太高。
解决以上三个问题
解决问题1:在Controller类上使用@RequestMapping定义共同的访问路径。
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("/books")public class BookController { (method = RequestMethod.POST) public String save( Book book){ System.out.println("book save..." + book); return "{'module':'book save'}"; } (value = "/{id}" ,method = RequestMethod.DELETE) public String delete( Integer id){ System.out.println("book delete..." + id); return "{'module':'book delete'}"; } (method = RequestMethod.PUT) public String update( Book book){ System.out.println("book update..."+book); return "{'module':'book update'}"; } (value = "/{id}" ,method = RequestMethod.GET) public String getById( Integer id){ System.out.println("book getById..."+id); return "{'module':'book getById'}"; } (method = RequestMethod.GET) public String getAll(){ System.out.println("book getAll..."); return "{'module':'book getAll'}"; }}
解决问题2:使用@GetMapping @PostMapping @PutMapping @DeleteMapping代替@RequestMapping(method=RequestMethod.XXX)
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("/books")public class BookController {// @RequestMapping( method = RequestMethod.POST) //使用@PostMapping简化Post请求方法对应的映射配置 public String save( Book book){ System.out.println("book save..." + book); return "{'module':'book save'}"; }// @RequestMapping(value = "/{id}" ,method = RequestMethod.DELETE) ("/{id}") //使用@DeleteMapping简化DELETE请求方法对应的映射配置 public String delete( Integer id){ System.out.println("book delete..." + id); return "{'module':'book delete'}"; }// @RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.PUT) //使用@PutMapping简化Put请求方法对应的映射配置 public String update( Book book){ System.out.println("book update..."+book); return "{'module':'book update'}"; }// @RequestMapping(value = "/{id}" ,method = RequestMethod.GET) ("/{id}") //使用@GetMapping简化GET请求方法对应的映射配置 public String getById( Integer id){ System.out.println("book getById..."+id); return "{'module':'book getById'}"; }// @RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.GET) //使用@GetMapping简化GET请求方法对应的映射配置 public String getAll(){ System.out.println("book getAll..."); return "{'module':'book getAll'}"; }}
解决问题3:在Controller类上使用@RestController注解,等同于@Controller与@ResponseBody两个注解组合功能
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//使用@RestController注解替换@Controller与@ResponseBody注解,简化书写("/books")public class BookController { //方法省略了没写}

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//POJO实体类public class Book { private Integer id; private String type; private String name; private String description; //同学们自己重写getter、setter、toString()方法...}//SpringMVC容器初始化类public class ServletContainersInitConfig extends AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer { protected Class<?>[] getRootConfigClasses() { return new Class[0]; } protected Class<?>[] getServletConfigClasses() { return new Class[]{SpringMvcConfig.class}; } protected String[] getServletMappings() { return new String[]{"/"}; } //乱码处理 protected Filter[] getServletFilters() { CharacterEncodingFilter filter = new CharacterEncodingFilter(); filter.setEncoding("UTF-8"); return new Filter[]{filter}; }}//SpringMVC配置类({"com.itheima.controller","com.itheima.config"})public class SpringMvcConfig {}
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("/books")public class BookController { public String save( Book book){ System.out.println("book save ==> "+ book); return "{'module':'book save success'}"; } public List<Book> getAll(){ System.out.println("book getAll is running ..."); List<Book> bookList = new ArrayList<Book>(); Book book1 = new Book(); book1.setType("计算机"); book1.setName("SpringMVC入门教程"); book1.setDescription("小试牛刀"); bookList.add(book1); Book book2 = new Book(); book2.setType("计算机"); book2.setName("SpringMVC实战教程"); book2.setDescription("一代宗师"); bookList.add(book2); Book book3 = new Book(); book3.setType("计算机丛书"); book3.setName("SpringMVC实战教程进阶"); book3.setDescription("一代宗师呕心创作"); bookList.add(book3); return bookList; }}

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public class SpringMvcSupport extends WebMvcConfigurationSupport { //设置静态资源访问过滤,当前类需要设置为配置类,并被扫描加载 protected void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) { //当访问/pages/????时候,从/pages目录下查找内容 registry.addResourceHandler("/pages/**") .addResourceLocations("/pages/"); registry.addResourceHandler("/js/**") .addResourceLocations("/js/"); registry.addResourceHandler("/css/**") .addResourceLocations("/css/"); registry.addResourceHandler("/plugins/**") .addResourceLocations("/plugins/"); }}
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//添加saveBook () { axios.post("/books",this.formData).then((res)=>{ });},//主页列表查询getAll() { axios.get("/books").then((res)=>{ this.dataList = res.data; });},