能够知道SpringMVC的优点
能够编写SpringMVC入门案例
能够使用PostMan发送请求
能够掌握普通类型参数传递
能够掌握POJO类型参数传递
能够掌握json数据参数传递
能够掌握响应json数据
能够掌握rest风格快速开发
能够完成基于restful页面数据交互案例
Rest风格使用了几种请求方式定义访问行为?
REST(Representational State Transfer),表现形式状态转换
优点:
Rest风格如何通过路径传递参数?
做法:在Controller中定义方法时设定"http请求动作(请求方式)"和"设定请求参数(路径变量)"
xxxxxxxxxx
public class UserController {
//设置当前请求方法为POST,表示REST风格中的添加操作
value = "/users",method = RequestMethod.POST) (
public String save(){
System.out.println("user save...");
return "{'module':'user save'}";
}
//设置当前请求方法为DELETE,表示REST风格中的删除操作
//@PathVariable注解用于设置路径变量(路径参数),要求路径上设置对应的占位符,并且占位符名称与方法形参名称相同
value = "/users/{id}",method = RequestMethod.DELETE) (
public String delete( Integer id){
System.out.println("user delete..." + id);
return "{'module':'user delete'}";
}
//设置当前请求方法为PUT,表示REST风格中的修改操作
value = "/users",method = RequestMethod.PUT) (
public String update( User user){
System.out.println("user update..."+user);
return "{'module':'user update'}";
}
//设置当前请求方法为GET,表示REST风格中的查询操作
//@PathVariable注解用于设置路径变量(路径参数),要求路径上设置对应的占位符,并且占位符名称与方法形参名称相同
value = "/users/{id}" ,method = RequestMethod.GET) (
public String getById( Integer id){
System.out.println("user getById..."+id);
return "{'module':'user getById'}";
}
//设置当前请求方法为GET,表示REST风格中的查询操作
value = "/users",method = RequestMethod.GET) (
public String getAll(){
System.out.println("user getAll...");
return "{'module':'user getAll'}";
}
}
以上截图中的代码和我们之前写的UserController中的方法类似,其中图中两个方法都有三处是有问题的,可以进行优化。存在的问题如下:
问题1:每个方法的@RequestMapping注解中都定义了访问路径/books,重复性太高。
问题2:每个方法的@RequestMapping注解中都要使用method属性定义请求方式,重复性太高。
问题3:每个方法响应json都需要加上@ResponseBody注解,重复性太高。
解决以上三个问题
解决问题1:在Controller类上使用@RequestMapping定义共同的访问路径。
xxxxxxxxxx
"/books") (
public class BookController {
method = RequestMethod.POST) (
public String save( Book book){
System.out.println("book save..." + book);
return "{'module':'book save'}";
}
value = "/{id}" ,method = RequestMethod.DELETE) (
public String delete( Integer id){
System.out.println("book delete..." + id);
return "{'module':'book delete'}";
}
method = RequestMethod.PUT) (
public String update( Book book){
System.out.println("book update..."+book);
return "{'module':'book update'}";
}
value = "/{id}" ,method = RequestMethod.GET) (
public String getById( Integer id){
System.out.println("book getById..."+id);
return "{'module':'book getById'}";
}
method = RequestMethod.GET) (
public String getAll(){
System.out.println("book getAll...");
return "{'module':'book getAll'}";
}
}
解决问题2:使用@GetMapping @PostMapping @PutMapping @DeleteMapping代替@RequestMapping(method=RequestMethod.XXX)
xxxxxxxxxx
"/books") (
public class BookController {
// @RequestMapping( method = RequestMethod.POST)
//使用@PostMapping简化Post请求方法对应的映射配置
public String save( Book book){
System.out.println("book save..." + book);
return "{'module':'book save'}";
}
// @RequestMapping(value = "/{id}" ,method = RequestMethod.DELETE)
"/{id}") //使用@DeleteMapping简化DELETE请求方法对应的映射配置 (
public String delete( Integer id){
System.out.println("book delete..." + id);
return "{'module':'book delete'}";
}
// @RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.PUT)
//使用@PutMapping简化Put请求方法对应的映射配置
public String update( Book book){
System.out.println("book update..."+book);
return "{'module':'book update'}";
}
// @RequestMapping(value = "/{id}" ,method = RequestMethod.GET)
"/{id}") //使用@GetMapping简化GET请求方法对应的映射配置 (
public String getById( Integer id){
System.out.println("book getById..."+id);
return "{'module':'book getById'}";
}
// @RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.GET)
//使用@GetMapping简化GET请求方法对应的映射配置
public String getAll(){
System.out.println("book getAll...");
return "{'module':'book getAll'}";
}
}
解决问题3:在Controller类上使用@RestController注解,等同于@Controller与@ResponseBody两个注解组合功能
xxxxxxxxxx
//使用@RestController注解替换@Controller与@ResponseBody注解,简化书写
"/books") (
public class BookController {
//方法省略了没写
}
xxxxxxxxxx
//POJO实体类
public class Book {
private Integer id;
private String type;
private String name;
private String description;
//同学们自己重写getter、setter、toString()方法...
}
//SpringMVC容器初始化类
public class ServletContainersInitConfig extends AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer {
protected Class<?>[] getRootConfigClasses() {
return new Class[0];
}
protected Class<?>[] getServletConfigClasses() {
return new Class[]{SpringMvcConfig.class};
}
protected String[] getServletMappings() {
return new String[]{"/"};
}
//乱码处理
protected Filter[] getServletFilters() {
CharacterEncodingFilter filter = new CharacterEncodingFilter();
filter.setEncoding("UTF-8");
return new Filter[]{filter};
}
}
//SpringMVC配置类
"com.itheima.controller","com.itheima.config"}) ({
public class SpringMvcConfig {
}
xxxxxxxxxx
"/books") (
public class BookController {
public String save( Book book){
System.out.println("book save ==> "+ book);
return "{'module':'book save success'}";
}
public List<Book> getAll(){
System.out.println("book getAll is running ...");
List<Book> bookList = new ArrayList<Book>();
Book book1 = new Book();
book1.setType("计算机");
book1.setName("SpringMVC入门教程");
book1.setDescription("小试牛刀");
bookList.add(book1);
Book book2 = new Book();
book2.setType("计算机");
book2.setName("SpringMVC实战教程");
book2.setDescription("一代宗师");
bookList.add(book2);
Book book3 = new Book();
book3.setType("计算机丛书");
book3.setName("SpringMVC实战教程进阶");
book3.setDescription("一代宗师呕心创作");
bookList.add(book3);
return bookList;
}
}
xxxxxxxxxx
public class SpringMvcSupport extends WebMvcConfigurationSupport {
//设置静态资源访问过滤,当前类需要设置为配置类,并被扫描加载
protected void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {
//当访问/pages/????时候,从/pages目录下查找内容
registry.addResourceHandler("/pages/**")
.addResourceLocations("/pages/");
registry.addResourceHandler("/js/**")
.addResourceLocations("/js/");
registry.addResourceHandler("/css/**")
.addResourceLocations("/css/");
registry.addResourceHandler("/plugins/**")
.addResourceLocations("/plugins/");
}
}
xxxxxxxxxx
//添加
saveBook () {
axios.post("/books",this.formData).then((res)=>{
});
},
//主页列表查询
getAll() {
axios.get("/books").then((res)=>{
this.dataList = res.data;
});
},